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The Roman Pottery of Kent
by Dr Richard J. Pollard  -  Chapter 4  page 67
Doctoral thesis completed in 1982, published 1988

The rate of expansion of the Canterbury industry is at present difficult to gauge; it is clear that new forms were introduced in the mid-Flavian period, including reeded and lid-seated bag-shape and necked globular jars (nos. 68 and 64 here), reeded and lid-seated carinated bowls and straight-sided dishes (nos. 70 and 69), short-necked jars often with a shoulder cordon (nos. 63, 65), and hook-flange mortaria (no. 71). Other forms of this period include bulbous-carinated lid-seated flanged bowls (no. 59), lids (e.g. nos. 57, 66—7), ring-necked flagons (no. 73), ‘pulley-rim’ flagons (no. 77) and pinched-mouth jugs (no. 74). The jar, bowl, dish and jug forms are usually in grey wares, although oxidised vessels do occur on occupation sites, suggesting that these were also acceptable to the consumer. Flagons and mortaria are found in a wide range of colours from brick-orange through buff to off-white, often with a buff to white wash. The Canterbury wares are all sand-tempered, usually coarse but often, with flagons and mortaria, fine in terms of the size and abundance of inclusions (see Appendix 2). Jugs and bulbous carinated bowls may have been produced by the pre-early Flavian ‘Reed Avenue St. Stephen’s Road’ industry; although examples have not been found on kiln sites of this industry, they do occur in a pit group at Richborough (Bushe-Fox 1932, Pit 33) dated to c. A.D. 50—75 in which other forms of this industry are present, but from which the mid-Flavian-plus types are absent (ibid., nos. 194—5, 213, 215—6, 219, 221, 256, and 260). Ring-necked flagons, lids and short-necked jars may also belong to the earlier industry, perhaps in a ‘transitional’ phase later in the short life of that industry: these forms were found at St. Stephen’s Road Kiln II alongside typical ‘North Gaulish’ forms and ‘Hotheim’ flagons (Jenkins 1956a, fig. 8).
   It is likely that by the turn of the century grog-tempered wares had been almost entirely eclipsed, excepting possibly the small-scale production of storage jars and necked jars with wiped surfaces of a ‘scarred’ appearance and

incised or tooled linear decoration (e.g. Williams 1947, fig. 7, no. 1; Bennett et al. 1980, fig. 12, and possibly Williams and Frere 1948, no. 38). Flavian-Trajanic groups from Canterbury and Wye suggest that considerable quantities of grog-tempered wares of pre-Flavian types were still in use in the Flavian period, as these comprise over 40 per cent and 32 per cent of these groups, respectively. Sandy wares of Canterbury type, with mid-Flavian-plus forms, predominate at the former site and comprise the totality of the site at Wye, accounting for 31 per cent and 27 per cent of these assemblages. A Domitianic-early Hadrianic pit group at Richborough (Bushe-Fox 1932, Pit 34) includes only one or two possible grog-tempered vessels (ibid., nos. 224, 250; the latter is illustrated as no. 39 here), and fourteen Canterbury sandy ware vessels (Bushe-Fox 1932, nos. 220, 222, 232, 261—3, 269, 316 and unpublished material). Canterbury wares were distributed throughout east Kent, including the upper Stour valley (Eames 1957, fig. 5, no. 11), and central-northern Kent (see below, and Figs. 24 — eastern Kent grey wares — and 30). Mortaria were sometimes stamped: one potter, IVVENALIS, has been recorded in Canterbury (no. 71 here), Rich-borough (Bushe-Fox 1926, 88, no. 6 — see also Hartley 1968) and Boulogne (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, xiii, 10006, 42). The same stamp is also known from an amphora at Richborough (Bushe-Fox 1949, 244, no. 43 (A), implying production of both forms of vessel by the same industry. Hartley (1968) dates the potter Juvenalis’ activity to c. A.D. 90—130, and considers east Kent the likely production centre. Other potters who probably worked in the same industry include Valentinus (Hartley, forthcoming; see below) and ones with partially legible or illegible stamps from Richborough (Hartley, 1968, 182, no. 144) and New Ash Green in west Kent (pers. exam.).
   Competition with the Canterbury industry (flagons and mortaria apart) would appear to have

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