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from the Continent in the Hadrianic-Severan period. An exception that is
unique, to the present author's knowledge, is a lid-seated jar of Urmitzer
ware type (cf. Fulford and Bird 1975, form 4, but with a groove in
the rim externally) from a late second to mid-third century context at the
Lullingstone villa (Meates et al. 1952, no. 47), examined by
the present author. Urmitzer ware was produced in the Rhineland in the
second and third centuries (M. Redknap, pers. comm.). The fabric (Pollard
1987, Fabric 77) is broadly similar to Fulford and Bird's fabric 2 (1975),
but somewhat coarser in grain size than the sherds described therein; a
Rhine valley source was postulated for the latter (ibid., 173). The
vessels in this ware published by Fulford and Bird include examples from the
Portchester Saxon Shore fort, which was founded in c. A.D. 270/80,
and one from a burial at Lankhills, Winchester, dated to c. A.D. 300-350
(ibid., 178). The Lullingstone vessel, and the Soller mortaria, may
have entered the province as a bi-product of the trade between Britain and
the Rhineland in lava millstones which took place during the first and
second centuries, or possibly alongside Rheinzabern samian ware (for wider
discussion of this trade route, see du Plat Taylor and Cleere 1978).
The trade in olive oil with Baetica (southern Spain),
transported in the globular Dressel 20 amphorae, continued throughout the
second century, probably in greater bulk than before: the majority of
dateable occurrences of south Spanish fabrics in west Kent fall in this
century (cf. Peacock 1971, 171). The elongated Baetican Dressel 7-11
amphorae, carrying marine products, may not have been produced after the
early part of the second century, however (ibid.). Another amphora
form particularly common on a province-wide level was Dressel 30 (Pélichet
47), a cone-shaped vessel used to transport wine from southern Gaul; Peacock
(1978, 49) has suggested that this
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trade reached its peak in the late second century and may have continued
into the third.
3. The Coarse Wares of East Kent
The Canterbury industry continued to dominate the market for coarse
wares, including mortaria, and flagons throughout the Hadrianic to
mid-Antonine period. The introduction of BB2 in south-east Britain appears
to have stimulated local production of decorated pie-dishes and everted-rim
jars, but the latter remained a very minor component of assemblages
throughout the second century. However, coastal sites, particularly
Richborough and Dover, exhibit a higher incidence of fine-quality BB2 jars
and dishes than do other sites such as Canterbury and Wye. It is proposed
that the BB2-producing potteries of the lower Thames and Colchester
established a trade route around the east coast of Kent which, at Dover, if
nowhere else, eclipsed the Canterbury industry during the A.D. 130s. At
Canterbury itself this trade appears to have remained at a low level until
the latter half of the second century; the incidence of characteristic
Canterbury jar and bowl forms falls off in contexts of this period,
suggesting that the industry found itself in difficulties in the final
quarter of the century, if not before. The early years of the Severan
dynasty witnessed the re-emergence of grog-tempered wares, mostly
thick-everted rim jars, as a commonplace fabric throughout east Kent.
Reduced sandy ware jars also continue to occur in large numbers, but are
different in detail from those of the Flavian-Antonine Canterbury industry.
The importation of coarse pottery to east Kent in the
Hadrianic-Severan period appears to have been confined in the main to BB2,
and to mortaria and amphorae. Comb-stabbed 'Camulodunum 108' beakers
(Hawkes and Hull 1947; Hull 1958) were not used at Richborough
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