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KENT
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY -- RESEARCH
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The Roman Pottery of Kent by Dr Richard J. Pollard
- Chapter 4 page 36
Doctoral thesis completed in 1982, published 1988
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coarse wares, in contrast, exhibit marked differentiation between west and
east Kent over most of the Roman period, and are described under the
regional headings 'the Medway valley and west Kent', 'Kent east and
south of the Forest of Blean' (including the valley of the Great Stour)
and 'the Swale plain'. The latter region represents the area of overlap
of western and eastern styles and marketing zones for most of the Roman
period. The area of historic Kent now incorporated into Greater London is
included in the 'West Kent' region for convenience, although there are
certain distinctions between ceramic assemblages of this area and of the
area between the Cray and Medway valleys owing to the proximity of London.
I. THE PRE-FLAVIAN TO EARLY FLAVIAN
PERIOD, c. A.D. 43-75
1. The Fine Wares
The Roman conquest of south-eastern Britain in A.D. 43 does not appear
to have had an immediate impact upon the trade in pottery between the
indigenous inhabitants of Kent and the Continental fine ware industries. The
most widespread 'fine' (as opposed to grog-tempered) high-quality
pottery of the pre-Flavian period is of Gallo-Belgic derivation, imported
from Gallia Belgica (Rigby 1973) and possibly also from Colchester (Rigby
1981, 160) and other British concerns (e.g. Eccles: Detsicas 1977a). These
wares, excepting the Eccles products, may have been circulating in Kent
prior to the Conquest: this is certainly the case at Canterbury, and
probably also at high-status sites such as Rochester (although there is no
positive evidence), Loose Quarry Wood (Kelly 1971), and Worth (Klein 1928
- unpublished material relates to late pre-Conquest - early
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post-Conquest activity). Two pottery types are predominant amongst 'Gallo-Belgic'
wares in Kent: platters in Terra Nigra (a grey slip ware) and butt
beakers in fine sandy white wares. The former was-produced at Eccles by a
Claudio-Neronian industry (6.VI.2) alongside colour-coated rough-cast and appliqué
beakers, and cream fabric flagons and mortaria, but no exportation
from the site has been detected. Nevertheless some British 'Terra
Nigra' products may be anticipated in the south-east.
The other wares characteristic of the Gallo-Belgic industries
- Terra Rubra, white ware flagons, and colour-coated ware beakers
- have been recorded much less frequently (see Fig. 18). The popularity
of Terra Rubra generally appears to have been on the wane in the
Conquest period (Rigby 1973), although a similar range of forms (primarily
platters and conical cups) continued to be in demand in Terra Nigra into
the early Flavian period (Rigby 1973; Greene 1979a). Butt-shaped forms
apart, Gallo-Belgic beaker forms appear to have been little used in Kent.
'Girth beakers' - delicately-moulded vessels with a constricted
waist (Camulodunum, Forms 82-85 - Hawkes and Hull 1947) are known from
Canterbury and Hartlip, and various forms from Richborough (e.g. Bushe-Fox
1926, no. 89; 1932, no. 288; 1949, nos. 394 and 400) in Terra Nigra including
the very thin-walled vessels known as 'Eggshell' ware. (Greene 1979a).
The colour-coated, glazed, and samian products of Central and South
Gaulish factories achieved a very limited distribution in Kent. Samian is
by far the most frequent imported fine ware of the pre-Flavian period
encountered at Canterbury, Richborough, Springhead and elsewhere. Found
mainly on sites of urban or villa status (in the latter case probably most
often as 'residual' material imported by the occupants during Flavian
construction phases), it
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