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Fawkham and Ash Archaeological Group (FAAG)

The Discovery and excavation of a Late Iron-Age and Early Roman Farmstead at Viewpoint, Wellfield, Hartley, Kent 1975/76 and 1984 TQ6084/6842

Layer / Context Listing

VP 1. Topsoil and some clay subsoil forming spoil heap at the east end of the site, near the corner of the wood. Find spot of 1st Century flagon by Brian Tremain.

VP 2.
Black soil with chalk specks and flints. Top of Ditch A in face of terrace south of road.

VP 3
. Black soil with chalk specks and flints. Top 20 cm of Ditch A. 1m back from face of road terrace.

VP 4.
Black soil with chalk specks and flints. Top 10 – 15 cm of top fill of Ditch A. 1m cut through ditch ? m from kerb edge.

VP 5
. Light brown loam with chalk specks and flints. Approx. 20cm lower fill of Ditch A.

VP 6.
Black soil with chalk specks and flints. Top 15 cm of fill of Ditch A. 1m cut through ditch ?m from kerb edge.

VP 7.
Black soil, forming spoil from machining of top of Ditch A adjacent VP4 and VP6.

VP 8.
Light brown loam, mostly small chalk lumps, fill of lower portion of Ditch B, ( top cut through by Ditch A ). Section1                                                                                       Tony C.

VP 9.
Light brown loam with many chalk specks, some flints. Lower fill Ditch A. Under VP6.
                                                                                                           Brian T.

VP 10. Black loam with chalk specks, some flints. Top fill of Ditch A,? m from kerb edge 1m cut through ditch.                                                                                                    Charlie C. and Graham B.

VP 11. Black loam with chalk specks, some flints. Top fill of Ditch A, ?m cut through ditch
                                                                                                            John and Mark M. & Alan R.

VP 12.
Light brown loam with chalk specks, some flints, Lower fill of Ditch A. Below VP10. 1m cut.
                                                                                                            Charlie C.

VP 13.
Light brown loam with chalk specks, some flints. Lower fill of Ditch B. Below VP9.
                                                                                                            Brian T.

VP 14.
Light brown loam, mostly chalk lumps fill of lower portion of Ditch B, Some sherds of pottery, pocket of soil in ditch fill near top. Below VP12.

VP 15.
Dark brown loam, lots of chalk lumps. Carbon, burnt flints and daub. 1m cut through bottom portion of Ditch C. Between terrace face and kerb. Approx ?m east of ? of ?    Tim Goss

VP16.
Brown loam and chalk lumps, some flints, bottom portion of Ditch C just west of junction with Ditch D. 1 rim and some bone.                                                    Graham Budd and Michael Davies

VP 17.
Light brown loam, with chalk specks, some flints. Lower fill of Ditch A. Below VP11. 7 to 8 ½ m from kerb.                                                                                             John and Mark M.

VP 18.
Light brown loam, mostly chalk lumps, fill of lower portion of Ditch A or B? .Below VP17.
                                                                                                              John and Mark M.

VP 19. Light brown loam, mostly chalk lumps, fill of flat U shaped Ditch E?. Some pottery. In face of service trench just west of corner of road.                                        Graham B.

VP 20.
Unstratified from top of Ditch A. 13m to 20½m from kerb following initial clearing after machining by JCB.

VP 21
. Black loam and chalk specks, upper fill of Ditch A. 13m½ to 15m from kerb.
                                                                                                             John C. and Charlie C.

VP 22.
Brown clay/ loam upper fill of Ditch A with mass of Roman tile in centre of ditch. Possible pit at 15½m to 17m from kerb.                                                                      Ben M. and Albert S.

VP 23.
Black loam and chalk specks, upper fill of Ditch A. 17½m to 19m from kerb.
                                                                                                            Leslie K. and Ian P.

VP 24.
Unstrat. From upper fill of Ditch C during initial clearance and exposure after machining by JCB.                                                                                       John and Mark M. Dan and Elvin J.

VP 25.
Brown clay, (red daub and burnt clay) with mass of broken Roman tiles, fragments of stone (quern?) forming possible hearth on at least two tegula upside down.                Roger C. and Charlie C.

VP 26.
Dark brown loam and chalk specks and large flints. Upper fill of Ditch C at 1m to 2½ m from SW face of excavation.                                                                                Albert S.

VP 27.
Dark brown loam and chalk specks and large flints. Upper fill of Ditch C at 3m to 4½m.
                                                                                                            John Clark

VP 28.
Dark brown loam and chalk specks and large flints. Upper fill of Ditch C at 5m to 6½ m.
                                                                                                            Graham Budd

VP 29.
Dark brown loam, chalk specks and large flints. Upper fill of Ditch C at 13½m to14 ½m.
                                                                                                            John and Mark Manley

VP 30.
Black loam and many flints, upper fill of Ditch C at 7m to 9m.
                                                                                                            John & Mark Manley

VP 31.
Brown loam, lot of chalk and flints middle fill of Ditch C at 7m to 9m.      John

VP32.
Black loam and lots of flint, upper fill of ditch C at 10m to 11½m.            Alan Rush

VP33.
Very dry crumbly dark brown/black loam under clay of hearth Ditch A/B at 16½ to 18 m. 
                                                                                                               Charlie Capes

VP34.
Brown clay and flints covering fill of Ditch B at 19½ to 21m.

VP35.
Brown clay and flints fill of Ditch C, under VP26 at 2½ to 3m in baulk. 
                                                                                                               Albert Smith

VP36.
Brown clay, flints and chalk specks, lower fill of Ditch C at 13½ to 14½m under VP29. 
                                                                                                              David Phillips and Sue C.

VP37.
Brown clay and mostly chalk lumps and flint, lower fill of Ditch B under VP34 19½ to 21½m.
                                                                                                              Steve M. and Chris B.

VP38. Brown clay and chalk lumps, lower fill of Ditch B under VP21 at 13½ to 15m.
                                                                                                              Graham Budd

VP39. Lower pocket? Of very dry dark loam at bottom of fill of ditch/pit at end of Ditch A at 16½ to 18m. See Section no. 4.                                                                                 Brian T. and Ted Conway

VP40.
Lower fill of Ditch C. Brown clay and chalk lumps under VP32 at 10 to 11½m
                                                                                                             John M. and Alan Rush

VP41.
Very dry, crumbly dark brown/black loam sealed by hearth (VP25) in Ditch A at 16½ to 18m. Same as VP33.                                                                                              Charlie C. and Ted Conway

VP42.
Complete tegula fragmented by heat from NE of hearth Ditch A/B.     Charlie C.

VP43.
Fragments of tile from SW of hearth. Ditch A/B.                         Charlie C.

VP44.
Fragments of tile from north side of hearth?                                 Charlie C.

VP45.
Dark brown loam, small chalk lumps, small broken flint, forming upper fill of Ditch A/B, half section through the hearth at 15 to 16½m taking all north of centre of ditch A out.      Charlie C.

VP46.
Dark brown loam, chalk lumps, fill of Ditch G in west face of excavation of area for Block 9 (Fri 9.1.76)

VP47.
Brown clay, upper fill of Ditch C at 15½ to 16½m. north along Ditch C.
                                                                                                   Barbara and Susan, Trevor and Stephen

VP48.
Brown clay, fill of Ditch C at 14½ to 15½m. Bronze tweezers.     David York

VP49.
Brown clay fill of Ditch C at 16½ to 20m. various

VP50.
Brown clay and chalk lumps, fill of Ditch J to north of Block 9 in service trenches.
Edwards family and Don and Sara

VP51.
Black loam, upper fill of bee-hive shaped pit (H) to east of Block 9, cut by service trench.
                                                                                 John, Graham, David, Don and Sara

VP52.
Brown clay and chalk lumps, fill of Ditch J cut by service trench to the south of Block 9. 
                                                                                       Paul Rick

VP53.
Brown loam, many chalk specks and lumps. Pit H below VP51.

VP54.
Black ash and burnt clay/daub, below VP53. Pit H.

VP55.
Brown clay and light chalk rubble, below VP54. Hit H.

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Excavations on 22nd July 1984 by Roger Cockett

VP60. Upper filling of ditch in Box A. Light brown loam with occasional chalk lumps and specks. Finds – pottery, bone, pot-boiler, shall.

VP61.
Upper filling of ditch in Box B. Rich brown loam with occasional chalk lumps. Finds – pottery, shell.

VP62.
Upper filling of ditch in Box C. Brown loam and chalk lumps. Finds – pottery, bone, shell.

VP63.
Upper filling of ditch in Box D. Brown loam with numerous chalk lumps. Finds – pottery. This layer includes a later secondary ditch on south face.

VP64.
Upper filling of approximately circular pit E. A series of intersecting brown clays and fine powdery soils. Finds – large number of pottery sherds, bone, shell, iron.

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