KENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY  - Studying and sharing Kent's past      Homepage


‘Elizabethan and Jacobean Deer Parks in Kent’,  Susan Pittman, PhD Kent, 2011.

To Susan Pittman's submission       To Hasted Prize Submissions and Prize for 2013

Contents

Volumes One & two Page
Title page
List of Figures, Maps and Plates
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations

Introduction


iv-vi
 vii–vii
 ix

1-6
Part I – Kent Background

Chapter One –
   William Lambarde, early cartographers and the evidence for the number of parks
      in Elizabethan and Jacobean Kent 
  
Introduction
      (i)    Loss of parks before Elizabeth I's accession 
      (ii)   William Lambarde, the historian and topographer 
      (iii)  William Lambarde's list of parks 
      (iv)  William Lambarde and the cartographers 
             Conclusion 
7-57



8 - 29
 8 - 11
11 - 15
15 - 20
20 - 23
23 - 27
27 - 29
Chapter Two – Characteristics of Kentish Deer Parks 
   
Introduction 
      (i)    Distribution and location 
      (ii)   Park density 
      (iii)  Park shape and size 
      (iv)  Longevity of parks 
             Conclusion

30 - 57
30 - 31

31 - 44
44 - 46
46 - 51
51 - 55

 55 - 57
Part II - Park Management 

Chapter Three – The Management of Parks owned by the Gentry
 
   Introduction 
      (i)    The upkeep of boundaries 
      (ii)   Deer keeping and deer keepers 
      (iii)  Other enterprises in parks 
               (a)   Cony warrens 
               (b)   Animals at pasture 
               (c)   Water management, fish, waterfowl and herons 
               (d)   Timber and wood resources 
      (iv)  The viability of parks 

58      

59 - 121
59 - 61
61 - 74
75 - 93
93 - 119
93 - 100
100 - 105
105 - 112
112 - 119
119 - 121
Chapter Four – The management of Royal Parks in Kent 
   Introduction 
      (i)   The keepers of royal parks in Kent 
      (ii)   Aspects of management of royal parks of Greenwich and Eltham

122 - 141
122         
122 - 135
135 - 141
Chapter Five – Disparkment and the Management of Disparked Parks 
   Introduction 
      (i)    The definition of disparkment 
      (ii)   The pattern and process of disparkment in Kent, 1558-1625 
      (iii)  The management of disparked parks 
                (a)   Crown parks leased out 
                (b)   Parkland into farmland 
                (c)  The exploitation of woodland 
       (iv)  The longevity of disparked parks as distinct units in the countryside
              Conclusion

142 - 171
142         
142 - 144
144 - 154
154 - 166
155 - 157
158 - 164
164 - 166
166 - 170
 171
Part III – Park Owners and Park Holders 

Chapter Six – Park Owners and Park Holders 

   Introduction 
      (i)    The owners of active parks in 1558 
      (ii)   New owners of established parks from the crown, by private transfer and the
               owners of new parks 
      (iii)  Factors influencing retention and loss of parks 
             Conclusion 

172-188

172 - 188
172         
172 - 176

176 - 184
185 - 188
188
Part IV – The Social Context of Deer Parks 

Chapter Seven – The Perception of Crown, Nobles and Gentry towards parks

   Introduction 
      (i)     Attitudes to hunting in parks 
                  (a) Hunting in royal parks in Kent 
                  (b) Gentry hunting in Kentish parks 
      (ii)    Venison on the menu and venison as gifts 
      (iii)   The use of parks for recreation and hospitable entertainment, apart from hunting 
                  (a) The royal park at Greenwich 
                  (b) Royal visits to parks in Kent 
                  (c) How nobility and gentry appreciated their parks 
      (iv)   Canterbury and Otford Great Parks – transition from keepership to ownership
              Conclusion 

189-311

190 - 244
190         
190 - 201
193 - 196
196 - 201
201 - 206
206 - 228
207 - 210
210 - 216
217 - 228
228 - 243
243 - 244
VOLUME TWO
Chapter Eight – Unlawful Activity associated with Parks 
   (i) Introduction 
   (ii)   The extent of disorder associated with parks in Kent 
   (iii)  The legal context of unlawful activity in parks 
   (iv)  The nature of park violations 
         (a)  Low-key poaching 
                  A:  Case study – Sissinghurst park in the mid 1590s 
         (b)  Covert hunting for sport, usually gentlemen-led 
                  B:  Case study – Sir Alexander Culpepper (1581-1629) 
                  C:  Case study – Penshurst Park in the early 1570s 
         (c)   High profile, brazen parks violations 
                  D:  Case study – Penhurst Park, May 1600 
         (d)   Poaching with a commercial or criminal element 
                  E:  Case study –Humfrey Latter, mid 1590s/early 1600s 
   Conclusion 

245-311
245 - 248
248 – 252
252 - 259
259 - 308
261 - 262
262 - 268
269 - 276
276 - 283
283 - 289
289 - 294
294 - 299
299 - 300
300 - 308
308 - 311
Conclusion 

 

312 - 314

Appendices 
Appendix 1    Figure 1.2    Lambarde's list and 5 early maps compared 
Appendix 2    Figure 1.3    Active parks in Kent, 1558-1625 
Appendix 3    Figure 1.4    All known parks in Kent 
Appendix 4    Map 1.1       Map of Kent showing all known parks 
Appendix 5    Figure 5.1    Disparkment 
Appendix 6    Figure 6.3    New owners of established and new parks 
Appendix 7    Figure 6.4    Crown parks in Kent 
Appendix 8    Figure 7.2    Rowland Whyte's schedule of letters 
Appendix 9    Figure 8.1    Deer park Violations, 1558-1625 

315-340
316 - 317
318 - 319
320 - 325
326         
327 - 328
329 - 330
331 - 333
334 - 337

338 - 340

Bibliography 

341 - 359
Park profiles  360 - 469

1  
2  
3  

4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  

11  

12  
13  
14a+b  
15  
16  
17  

ALDINGTON
ALLINGTON 
AYLESFORD

BEDGEBURY 
BEXLEY 
BIRLING (see Comford (7) below)
BIRLING – COMFORD / COMFORT
BOCKINGFOLD
BORE PLACE
BOUGHTON MALHERBE / BOCTON /
       OLD PARK
BOUGHTON MALHERBE – LENHAM / 
       NEW PARK
BOUGHTON MALHERBE - SOUTH PARK
BOUGHTON MONCHELSEA
BOXLEY and LEA
BRASTED
BROMLEY
BROXHAM
Parish:  Aldington
Parish:  Allington
Parish:  Aylesford, Ditton, Burham

Parish:  Goudhurst
Parish:  Bexley
Parish:  Birling
Parish:  Birling
Parish:  Yalding, Goudhurst, Marden
Parish:  Chiddingstone

Parish:  Boughton Malherbe

Parish:  Lenham
Parish:  Boughton Malherbe
Parish:  Boughton Monchelsea
Parish:  Boxley, Maidstone
Parish:  Brasted
Parish:  Bromley
Parish:  Edenbridge
361 - 378


















18  

19  
20  

21  
22  
23   24  
25  
26  

CANTERBURY – NEW / KING'S / 
     St. AUGUSTINE's - now Old Park
CANTERBURY – OLD PARK
CANTERBURY - TRENLEY / 
      WICKHAMBREUX
CHILHAM
CHISLET
COBHAM
COOLING
CUDHAM
CURLSWOOD / NONINGTON / 
      CROWDSWOOD

 


Parish:
St Martin's, Fordwich
Parish: St.Martin's

Parish:
Wickhambreux, Fordwich
Parish: Chilham
Parish: Chislet
Parish: Cobham
Parish: Cooling, Frindsbury
Parish: Cudham

Parish:
Nonington
379 - 389









27  

28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  

34  

35  
36  
DENSTROUDE

EASTWELL
EAST WICKHAM / PLUMSTEAD
ELHAM
ELTHAM – GREAT
ELTHAM – MIDDLE / LITTLE / OLD
ELTHAM – HORN

FOLKESTONE / WALTON and/or
      TERLINGHAM
FORD
FRYARNE
Parish: Blean

Parish: Eastwell, Challock
Parish: Bexley, Plumstead
Parish: Elham
Parish: Eltham
Parish: Eltham
Parish: Eltham, Lee


Parish:
Folkestone
Parish: Hoath
Parish: Stelling

389 - 400
37  
38  
39  
40  

41  
42  
43   44  
45  

46  
47  
GLASSENBURY
GREAT CHART
GREENWICH
GROOMBRIDGE

HALDEN
HALSTEAD
HAMSWELL
HEMSTED / KNOLE
HENDEN / HETHERDEN

HEVER
HUNGERSHALL

 

Parish: Cranbrook, Goudhurst
Parish: Great Chart
Parish: Greenwich
Parish: Groombridge

Parish: Rolveden, Benenden
Parish: Halstead, Knockholt
Parish: probably Rotherfield, Sussex
Parish: Benenden, Cranbrook
Parish: Sundridge, Brasted,
                Chiddingstone
Parish: Hever
Parish: Speldhurst
401 - 411


48  


49  
50  

51   52  
53  
54  
55  
56  
57  
58  

59  
60  
61  

62  
63  
64  
65+66  
 

IGHTHAM / WEST PARK of WROTHAM


KEMSING
KNOLE

LANGLEY, Beckenham
LANGLEY, Maidstone
LEE
LEEDS
LULLINGSTONE
LYMINGE
LYMPNE
LYNSTED

MAIDSTONE
MEREWORTH
MERSHAM-HATCH

OTFORD – GREAT
OTFORD – LITTLE
OTFORD – NEW
OXENHOATH

 

Parish: small portion Ightham,
               Wrotham

Parish: Kemsing
Parish: Sevenoaks

Parish: Beckenham
Parish: Maidstone, Langley
Parish: Lee
Parish: Leeds
Parish: Lullingstone
Parish: Lyminge
Parish: Lympne
Parish: Lynsted

Parish: Maidstone
Parish: Wateringbury
Parish: Merhsam, Smeeth

Parish: Otford
Parish: Otford
Parish: Otford
Parish: West Peckham
412 - 435
67  
68  
69  
70  
71  
72  
73  

74  

PANTHURST / SEVENOAKS
PEMBURY
PENSHURST – ASHOUR / ASHOWER
PENSHURST – LEIGH / NORTH
PENSHURST / NORTHLANDS
PENSHURST - SOUTH
POSTLING

ROYDON

Parish: Sevenoaks
Parish: Pembury
Parish: Penshurst, Bidborough, Leigh
Parish: Leigh
Parish: Penshurst, Leigh
Parish: Penshurst
Parish: Postling

Parish: East Peckham

435 - 446
75  
76  
77  
78  
79  
80  

81  

82  
83  
84  
85  

86  
SALTWOOD
SCOTNEY
SCOT'S HALL
SHURLAND / SHORELAND
SISSINGHURST
STARBOROUGH

STONEHURST

STOWTING
SUNDRIDGE
SURRENDEN
SUTTON

SUTTON VALENCE


Parish: Saltwood
Parish: Lamberhurst, Goudhurst
Parish: Smeeth
Parish: Eastchurch
Parish: Cranbrook
Parish: mainly Lingfield, Surrey/ 
               Edenbridge
Parish: Chiddingford, Surrey, W of
               Cowden
Parish: Stowting
Parish: Sundridge
Parish: Pluckley
Parish: Chart Sutton, Boughton
                 Monchelsea
Parish: Sutton Valence
446 - 456
87  
88  
89  




90  

91  



92  
93a+b

94  

95  
96  
97  
98  
99  
100  
THROWLEY
TONBRIDGE –  CAGE
TONBRIDGE - NORTHFRITH
   (3 parks in Lambarde see (90) Tonbridge – 
   Northfrith, Hadlow/Little Park/Larkhole Green
   and (91) Tonbridge – Northfrith, Northfrith
   Wood)
TONBRIDGE – NORTHFRITH – HADLOW / 
    LITTLE PARK / LARKHOLE GREEN

TONBRIDGE - NORTHFRITH WOOD



TONBRIDGE – POSTERN
TONBRIDGE – SOUTHFRITH and
    SOMERFIELD / SOMERHILL
TYLER HILL / ST. STEPHEN'S / 
    HACKINGTON
WELL HALL
WESTENHANGER
WESTENHANGER / OSTENHANGER
WESTWELL / CALEHILL
WEST WICKHAM
WROTHAM / EAST PARK OF WROTHAM
Parish: Throwley
Parish: Tonbridge
Parish: Tonbridge, Hadlow,
               Shipbourne,
               West Peckham,
               Hildenborough

Parish: Hadlow

Parish: Tonbridge, Hadlow,
               Shipbourne,
               West Peckham,
               Hildenborough
Parish: Tonbridge, Hadlow
Parish: Tonbridge

Parish: Hackington

Parish: Eltham
Parish: Stanford
Parish: Saltwood, Stanford
Parish: Little Chart
Parish: West Wickham
Parish: Wrotham

456 - 469

To Susan Pittman's submission       To Submissions and Prize for 2013       To Hasted Prize Introduction

To Publications Committee Introduction

For details about the advantages of membership of the Kent Archaeological Society   click here

Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382
© Kent Archaeological Society September 2015

This website is constructed by enthusiastic amateurs. Any errors noticed by other researchers will be to gratefully received so that we can amend our pages to give as accurate a record as possible. Please send details too research@kentarchaeology.org.uk